COGNITIVE AND Psychodynamic

COGNITIVE

• It all starts with Gestalt theories [Werthheimer, Köhler and Koffka, and with only the vaguest connection with Gestalt therapy (Perls)]: originally theories of perception, interested in the way the brain imposes pattern on the perceived world, Gestalt moved into problem-solving learning. 

• It is also much influenced by the developmental psychology of Piaget ,dialectic is the part most useful for understanding grown learners.
• Cognitive learning theories seek to explain how the brain processes and stores new information.
• A cognitive theory of multimedia learning based on three main assumptions: there are two separate channels (auditory and visual) for processing information; there is limited channel capacity; and that learning is an active process of filtering, selecting, organizing, and integrating information.  

Psychodynamic Theory

Psychodynamic psychotherapy is derived from psychoanalysis and is based on a number of key analytical concepts. These include Freud's ideas about psychosexual development, defence mechanisms, free association as the method of recall, and the therapeutic techniques of interpretation, including that of transference, defences and dreams. Such therapy usually involves once-weekly 50-minute sessions, the length of treatment varying between 3 months and 2 years. The long-term aim of such therapy is twofold: symptom relief and personality change.

Psychodynamic psychotherapy is classically indicated in the treatment of unresolved conflicts in early life, as might be found in non-psychotic and personality disorders, but to date there is a lack of convincing evidence concerning its superiority over other forms of treatment.

Psychodynamic Theory is based on the premise that human behavior and relationships are shaped by conscious and unconscious influences.

Psychodynamic therapies, which are sometimes used to treat depressed persons, focus on resolving the patient's conflicted feelings. These therapies are often reserved until the depressive symptoms are significantly improved.

Key Concepts of Freuds Psychodynamic Theory

1. Primarily concerned with internal psychological processes
2. Importance of early childhood experiences
3. Existence of unconscious motivation
4. Existence of ego (rationality) & superego (morality)
5. Existence of defense mechanisms